[On the history of formation and characteristics of development of the chair of social hygiene, the first one in Russia].

The purpose of the study is to analyze changes occurred, against the background of social challenges, in functioning of the Chair of Social Hygiene since its establishment in 1922 at the Faculty of Medicine of the I Moscow State University to the present time at the N. A. Semashko Chair of Public Health and Health Care at the Sechenov University. The historical method was applied to analyze the documents from the Moscow Central State Archive, the N. A. Semashko Chair of Public Health and Health Care and published materials from eLibrary.ru and the Central Scientific Medical Library for 100-year period.

[The determining factors of qualitative training of students in public health and health care].

The inclusion of public health and health care measures in labor functions of professional standards of medical specialists increased significance of mastering of these standards by students during specialty training, since on this depends their successful completion of primary accreditation of specialists and implementation of job descriptions in the course of daily activities. The purpose of the study was to analyze factors determining qualitative of mastering the discipline "Public health and Health Care" by students of medical educational organizations. The analytical, logical, statistical, questionnaire survey and direct ranking methods were applied. The sampling of 316 students of the Sechenov University was involved in survey using questionnaire of 17 closed questions. The study established that the determining factors effecting quality of mastering by students the discipline "Public health and Health Care" are the need to use by physicians this knowledge in the course of their daily activities; the need of students to pass profile exam; the determination of up to 40% of trainees to work as heads of structural units or professionals of health care and public health; the dedication of student; organization of educational process at the Chair; the professionalism of faculty; the application of active learning methods in classroom; organization of career guidance among students.

[The analysis of dissertations on leadership].

The phenomenon of leadership for long time attracts attention of scientists and practitioners of various specialties, including medicine. Among numerous research publications on this topic, dissertations occupy special place, as both research and public defense are carried out in accordance with officially established rules. To achieve the research goal of studying characteristics of dissertations on leadership implemented in 1995-2019 in various scientific specialties bibliometric analysis, logical and descriptive statistics were applied. The sampling of 305 dissertations on leadership were analyzed in digital databases of scientific libraries. The analysis established that number of dissertations on leadership submitted to dissertation councils changed significantly over the analyzed period. In the structure of dissertations, predominated problems of political leadership (37.4%), formation of leadership qualities in young individuals (19.0%) and management on the basis of leadership potential (12.5%). The women, as compared to men, made up to 27.3% among authors dissertations on leadership. The main reserve of further study of phenomenon of leadership is implementation of dissertations on mentioned research themes in other scientific specialties that provide this area of research, as well as inclusion of theme of leadership in the scientific specialty 14.02.03 - public health and public health.

[The motivation of citizen to follow healthy life-style by means of forming leader qualities in future medical specialists].

In actual conditions health care priority is in increasing population size and its life expectancy including duration of healthy life, reducing morbidity, mortality and disability of population, observance of rights of citizens related to health protection that can effectively be achieved by adherence of healthy lifestyle. In order to determine possibility of improving motivation of population to lead healthy lifestyle, through formation of leadership qualities in medical specialists, the study applied such methods as expert evaluation, questionnaire survey, interview, monographic and statistical techniques. The sampling consisted of 46 employees of the I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University as experts, 107 students of this educational organization were involved in questionnaire survey and interviewing, and 68 of them were included in the group with pronounced leadership qualities, and 39 respondents consisted the control group. Involving population into healthy lifestyle is priority task of all medical specialists that is regulated by work functions of their professional standards. The effective direction of this work is to influence internal motivation of citizens. The presence of leadership qualities in future medical specialists increases their ability to motivate the population to lead healthy lifestyle at the level of theoretical training by 33.3% and practical training by 65.5% as compared to control group. The main directions of improving motivational work to involve population into healthy lifestyle by future medical specialists is refusal by students' bad habits, teaching them specialized topics in all related disciplines, formation of students' leadership potential. To develop student's leadership skills, training program can be applied in the laboratory of excellence "Factory of health leaders", implemented at the N. A. Semashko Department of public health and health care.

[Availability and need for population of the federal districts in hospital beds].

Providing the population with the necessary bed stock is an important task of public health. In order to compare the level of security and the population's need for hospital beds in the territory of the Federal districts of Russia, the study used the following methods: analytical, logical and descriptive statistics. Data on the population and bed Fund were taken from the official reports of Rosstat and the Ministry of health of Russia for 2016-2018. The population's need for hospital beds was calculated as the ratio of the product of the number of bed days per 1000 inhabitants and the population to the average annual bed occupancy multiplied by 1000. In the course of the study, the dynamics of the reduction of the bed stock in various profiles was identified and the population's need for hospital beds was determined, taking into account various variants of the population forecast. It was found that the optimization of hospital beds, in addition to economic interests, should be considered opportunities for providing outpatient and inpatient care, improve efficiency and quality of hospital care, as well as the necessity of forming a reserve of hospital beds in case of mass sanitary losses or increase the level of hospitalization of citizens in a short period of time.

[Training of dentists in public healthcare in accordance with professional standards]. / Osobennosti podgotovki vrachei-stomatologov po obshchestvennomu zdorov'iu i zdravookhraneniiu v sootvetstvii s polozheniiami professional'nogo standarta.

For the purpose of studying the possibility of labor functions development for public health and healthcare during training in the educational organizations the comparative analysis of provisions of the professional standard with the materials stated in textbooks and national manuals of the corresponding profile was carried out. It was found that in the development of Federal state educational standards of higher education in dentistry (specialization level), updating educational methodological publications on dentistry and public health, the formation of a unified database of evaluation tools for accreditation of specialists and obtaining or confirming qualification categories, it is necessary to take into account the content of labor functions of the professional standard in each discipline.

[Public healthcare responsibilities of ophthalmologists according to professional regulations]. / Funktsii vracha po organizatsii oftal'mologicheskoi pomoshchi v sootvetstvii s polozheniiami professional'nogo standarta.

Modern public healthcare practices are constantly being improved by the medical community, which involves approval and implementation of professional standards such as including public health activities in the responsibilities of medical specialists. To understand how well such skills can be mastered by the specialists, we have conducted a comparative analysis of ophthalmologist qualifications found in the most often used guidelines and textbooks. With logical, analytical and hypothetical analysis, books and guides published before 2018 were found to have insufficient coverage of the public health responsibilities. Improvement of the public healthcare in terms of professional standards is an important course of development for the medical field. The continued work on Russian Federal State Educational Standard (Higher Education) for Ophthalmology - index number 31.08.59 - should include actualization of educational materials with modern public health notions, development of a universal learning evaluation database for specialist accreditation, as well as evaluation tools for the obtainment and confirmation of their qualification. The professional standards for ophthalmologists should fully account for the job responsibilities they acquire. Training of ophthalmologists in the public healthcare should utilize the following textbooks published in 2018: 'Organization of medical aid in the Russian Federation' under the editorship of V.A. Reshetnikova, 'Healthcare and public health' under the editorship of G.N. Tsarik, and 'Public health and healthcare' by V.A. Medic.

[Essential questions of training of dentists for accreditation]. / Aktual'nye voprosy podgotovki vrachei-stomatologov k akkreditatsii spetsialistov.

The paper presents sociological study aimed to analyze the conditions and methodological rationale for the basic directions of optimization of accreditation procedure for dentists. The study included 129 graduates of dental faculties of educational institutions of Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. The material was collected by questionnaire survey and interviewing. The obtained results show that the introduced system of professionals' accreditation is an innovative educational technology allowing objectively assess the level of theoretical and practical training of dentists. Much of its effectiveness depends on the quality of produced and updated on a timely basis uniform base of assessment tools, the selection of the most prepared members for the accreditation commissions and creation of adequate conditions for its implementation in educational and scientific organizations.

[The history of military training at the First Moscow State Medical University n.a. I.M.Sechenov].

In 2011, the oldest medical educational institution of Russia--the First Moscow State Medical University n. a. I.M.Sechenov celebrates 85 years of military training. Passing not easy, but at the same time, glorious path of military training in First MGMU n. a. I.M.Sechenov today occupies a key place in the training of military physicians.

[The role of theoretical and practical conferences in developing the image of curative preventive institution].

In actual conditions, the development of the image of curative preventive institution is one of the major directions of activities of the administrators of medical organizations. Against the background of limited centralized financing the priority in choosing the needed approaches has to be given to the resource-saving technologies, one of which is the organization of theoretical and practical conferences in a proper methodic way. Such an approach provides the information to the superior administration and the stuff of other medical institutions about organized scientific event and demonstrates the endeavor of its team to master the innovative techniques and promotes the experience sharing between colleagues.

[Improvement of work of chiefs of therapeutic and diagnostic hospital departments--chief medical specialists of military districts (fleet)].

In now-day conditions, on the background of enlargement and complication of tasks', solved by military health service, it's supervised the increase of significance of qualitative and effective administration by collectives of military-medical organizations. An important role belongs to activity of chiefs of treatment-diagnostic units (centers) of military hospitals. These chiefs in the same time are staff or inorganic medical specialists of military regions (NAVYs).

[Methodical approaches to rate setting of the quantity of medical personal in medical-therapeutic institutes of Military of Defense of Russian Federation].

Rational use of forces and facilities of military--medical service of the Defense Ministry of the Russian Federation (DM of the RF) in now-day's conditions is considered as a priority direction of reforming of the state public health services. On this background for stationary treatment-and-prophylactic institutes (DM of the RF) rate setting of work of the medical personnel has a special value. Rate setting includes designing and creation in medical institutions of such conditions at which medical aid will be rendered the most qualitatively and effectively.

[Trends of the scientific work development in central military-and-clinical hospitals].

Scientific work in central military-and-clinical hospitals (CMCH) is very important since it leads to creation and application of modern medical technologies in practice of military-and-medical service, professional growth of doctors and improves the status of hospitals among other medical organizations. The analysis of CMCH under the Russian Ministry of Defense shows that the main role in the development of scientific work in central hospitals belongs to management which is the activity to perform planning, organization, coordination, motivation and control functions.

[Characteristics of work stimulation of the medical personnel in the treatment-and-prophylactic institutions].

Social and economic relations of the last years that were formed in our country have lead to the changes in approaches to administrative activity. Under conditions of administrative-and-command guidance the patriotism and requirements of production discipline ensured the highly effective work. Today the economic relations between employer and personnel are of the first priority. These principles can be attributed to the military medical collective activity. The algorithm developed during the investigation for stimulating the employees working in the in-patient military medical institutions suggests the following performance of measure complex directed to the improvement of professional training of managerial staff working in the military medical institutions work with subordinates, fulfilment of motivation activity, summing up the medical staff work.

[The peculiarities of summing-up the work for the treatment and disease prophylaxis in military inpatient hospitals]. / Osobennosti podvedeniia itogov raboty statsionarnykh voennykh lechebno-profilakticheskikh uchrezhdenii.

It is shown that in a number of cases the summing up of military hospital work has the formal character. It consists the following: for the week (30.0 +/- 5.4%), for the day (18.0 +/- 2.4%), for the month (15.0 +/- 2.1%) and for the quarter (12.0 +/- 1.6%); for the education period (5.0 +/- 1.1%) and for the school year (3.0 +/- 0.9%). The experts consider that the main causes of chiefs' formal attitude to summing-up are the following: lack of sufficient volume of necessary information (25%), high official load (20%), low professional level of the chiefs dealing with the given problem (15%), other causes (40%).

[Efficient use of the hospital bed capacity]. / Ob éffektivnosti ispol'zovaniia gospital'nogo koechnogo fonda.

The development of rather precise methods for determining the efficiency of health service activity as well as the measures directed to maintain and to strengthen the population health is extremely difficult but very important task. However till now the problems of using the medical resources more effectively, the choice of well-founded criteria and indices, the ways with the help of which they are obtained and the methods of their assessment are studied not enough. The systemic analysis of efficiency of using the RF AF medical service hospital bed fund conducted in the State Institute for physicians' advanced training showed that its evaluation should be based on the analysis of three main parameters: the provision and need of the treated contingents for the hospital beds. It will allow to determine the correspondence of available bed capacity to the total number of contingents treated; the number of patients treated in hospitals taking into account the possibilities of the institution; the quality of the rendered medical care.

[Social and hygienic characteristic of servicemen of peace making forces in a zone of Georgian and Abkhazian armed conflict]. / Sotsial'no-gigienicheskaia kharakteristika voennosluzhashchikh mirotvorcheskikh sil v zone Gruzinsko-Abkhazskogo vooruzhennogo konflikta.

To improve the social-and-hygienic status of the staff in the zone of Gergian-and-Abkhazian armed conflict the following measures are suggested. To send the servicemen to the zone of armed conflict only according to the contract for the period not more than 6 months with 10-day leave granted in 3 months; to conduct the careful professional and moral-and-psychological selection. Before the mission to sign the additional contract with the servicemen explaining the service conditions in peacemaking forces. To conduct the military medical examination and consider whether the health status allows to stay in the region. Prophylaxis of oral cavity and chronic diseases. To give the servicemen their medical records; to strengthen the propaganda of healthy way of life and sports; to increase the financial allowance; to improve the conditions of placing and rear provision.